Iranian Journal of War and Public Health
Volume:6 Issue: 23, 2014

Since 1990 a new generation of prosthetic feet as "energy storing" in order to improve the performance and mobility of amputees entered to the markets. The aim of this study was to expansion and explanation of the concept of energy and terms relating to energy transfer as well as an overview of energy storing and returning measurement of prosthetic. Information & In this review study, a systematic search of electronic databases, Google Scholar and PubMed was done and papers published from 1950 to 2013 were studied. Key words used were included various combinations of energy analysis, ESAR prosthetic feet and their synonym terms. The results obtained from articles classified and examined in the three domains of concepts of energy and energy-related terms, methods of energy analysis in the prosthetic feet and functional classifications and naming of the feet enable to energy storing. Analysis of the structure and components of prosthesis make it possible to understand how it works. One of the major issues in the analysis of energy transfer of prosthesis is the proper amount of absorption and energy release and the effect of it on amputee. Optimal performance and health of amputee is effective in designing these kinds of prosthesis.

Complications due to spinal injuries in veterans affect the different dimensions of their family’s life. The present study was done to investigate the correlation between general health and quality of life in caregivers of veterans suffering from spinal cord injury. This correlational study was conducted among 90 caregivers of veterans suffering from spinal cord injury referring to Boostan hospital in Ahvaz who were selected through convenient sampling. Data was collected by general health and quality of life questionnaires (36 questions) and were analyzed using spearman's correlation and chi square. There was no significant difference between quality of life and general health of caregivers with age, sex, education, marital condition, economic level, relation with person on care and paralysis type (p>0.05). The mean score of general health of caregivers 57.5±5.6 and the mean score of quality of life was obtained 55.1±22.7. The significant correlation was observed between general health and quality of life score of caregivers (p=0.01). The most dysfunction in general health of caregivers is in the domains of anxiety, depression, social functioning and physical symptoms respectively. The most dysfunction in quality of life of caregivers is in the domains of general health perception, emotional role functioning and mental health respectively. There is a correlation between general health and quality of life of caregivers and there is a correlation between some domains of general health with quality of life in caregivers of veterans suffering from spinal cord.

The present study was done with aim to predict the cognitive and motivational functions of sports imagery based on age, visual and motor imagery ability in Iranian veteran basketball players. This descriptive-correlational study was done on 40 veteran basketball players participating in the national championship in 2007 in Shiraz who were selected by census method in 2007. The research tools were demographic, motor imagery (VMIQ), visual imagery (VVIQ) and sport imagery (SIQ) questionnaires. Data analyzed using SPSS16 software. Relation between variables was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient and regression equation for each stage. The age variable was correlated with motivational specific imagery functions, motivational-arousal general, motivational-experts general and sports imagery generally. The highest mean of the scores belonged to motivational specific imagery and lowest mean scores belonged to the cognitive general imagery. Visual imagery ability (with open eyes) for the motivational specific imagery function had also predictive role. There is a correlation between sport imagery functions with age and the visual imagery ability with open eyes. Sport imagery functions (motivational specific, motivational-expert general and motivational-arousal general) are predicted based on age, which means that with increasing the age the use of these functions decreases. Also, by reducing imagery with open eyes, motivational specific function is reduced.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most preventable chronic diseases. Sufficient knowledge and attitude regarding cardiovascular risk factors have a significant role in the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and performance of veterans and their wives to the cardiovascular diseases risk factors. This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in 2011 on 103 veterans and their wives. The sampling method was convenience sampling. Data collection tool was the researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 28 questions that measured three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and performance associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Data entered into SPSS 15 software and was analyzed by independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Mean of knowledge score 17.40±2.93 (of Max 20), attitude score 34.28±5.44 (of Max 50) and performance score was 10.18±2.28 (of Max 16). Knowledge level of 81.6% of people was good, attitude level of 70.7% of people was moderate and performance level of 63.3% of people was in the moderate level. There was no difference between the mean of knowledge, attitude and performance scores of the two groups of veterans and their wives. There was a relationship between the attitude and performance of veterans and their wives regarding cardiovascular diseases risk factors. The knowledge level of the most veterans and their wives about cardiovascular diseases risk factors are at good level and the attitude and performance level of most of them are moderate. Veterans and their wives have good knowledge about cardiovascular diseases risk factors; however, their performance level is moderate.

Post-traumatic stress disorder has negative consequences on physical, psychological health and marital satisfaction of veterans. Also, previous studies have suggested an association between personality and post-traumatic stress. The aim of present study was the comparison of personality trait and marital satisfaction in veterans with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. In this causal-comparative study, 200 veterans whose names were recorded in the Martyr Foundation and Veterans Affairs Administration of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province were selected through cluster random sampling method. The tool that used was Lee and Ashton personality traits questionnaire; ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale and the demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analyzes of variance. Marital satisfaction and personality traits scores in the two veterans with and without post-traumatic disorders had significant difference (p<0.001). Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder reported lower scores in components of personality issues, marital relations, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure, sex, children and marriage. Also, veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder reported lower scores in subscales of extraversion, agreement conscientiousness and openness.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the anxiety disorders which is occured in response to total panic in the disaster that threaten the life of the person. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on attention bias to frightful stimulus in people with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. in this quasi-experimental study in 2013, 15 Iraqi teenagers with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder with age range of 15 to 19 years were selected by random accessible sampling method. The sample group was subjected to 12 sessions of cognitive rehabilitation program. To investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation program dot probe test was used. were analyzed using independent T-test. Adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder after cognitive rehabilitation program, showed significant difference in reaction time (p=0.001), but no significant differences were observed in the number of related and unrelated correct responses, before and after the intervention. Cognitive rehabilitation is an effective way to reduce attention bias to frightful stimuli in people with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Amputation is highly effective on mental status, family and social relationships. Adjustment and modification of lifestyle is known as the strongest force to successful coping with amputation and stressful situations and it facilitates tolerance of problems for patients. The aim of this study was to explanation of effective factors in adjustment and modification of lifestyle in traumatic patients during the process of adaptation to amputation of lower limbs.Participants & This qualitative study using content analysis method was done among patients with traumatic lower limb amputations in Ardabil. 20 participants were selected using purposive sampling from Veterans Foundation and Welfare Administration of Ardabil. The main method of data collection was in-depth and unstructured interviews with open questions. Data was analyzed using MAXq10 software word by word based on the 5 Steps of Lundman and Graneheim. Central and pivotal concept of lifestyle was consisted from underlying and primary classes and events such as "getting the information", "the sense of independence", "pain control", "prosthesis replacement", "routines management", "exercise", "traveling" and "continuing the education". The use of effective coping strategies, along with social support is the main factor in adaptation and compromise with amputation and lifestyle modification.

Post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that occurs in people who have been exposed to psychological traumatic events. The aim of this study was to report the successful treatment of a veteran, suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder due to war using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method.Patient & In this case report, the patient was a 46 year old married male with four children sufferring from post-traumatic stress disorder caused by the war, including mental flashback to the event, mental numbness, avoidance and hyper motivation. The patient was treated with 3 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Diagnosis and post-traumatic stress disorder grading scale, the scale relating to mental distress and validity of cognitions scale were used to data collection. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms declined in the patient and therapeutic results was stable in 6 months follow up. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing method is effective in reducing the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder due to war.